Clean Air Task Force (CATF) has published its 2025 review of Europe’s CCS sector.
Ten projects reached final investment decision (FID) between late 2024 and October 2025, adding ~4 MtCO₂/year of capture capacity and ~14 MtCO₂/year of storage capacity across Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium and the UK.
Heidelberg Materials’ Brevik cement plant, linked to Northern Lights, became Europe’s first fully operational, commercial-scale CCS value chain.
The review also points to:
• A widening pipeline: 37 more projects now in development across Southern and Central & Eastern Europe, including Spain, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Hungary.
• EU policy consolidating around delivery: the Net-Zero Industry Act’s binding 2030 storage target, the first Article 21 national plans, and forthcoming funding under the Clean Industrial Deal.
• A persistent gap: current capacity is far short of the 280 MtCO₂/year needed by 2040 and 450 MtCO₂/year by 2050.
Reaching FID does not mean a project’s risk has gone down. It means the type of risk has changed. Before FID, the big unknowns are things like whether the geology holds, whether permits come through, whether financing closes. After FID, those give way to different risks: getting contractors and suppliers to work together on schedule and keeping costs from overrunning. The report shows this shift is well underway for some projects, further along for others.
Ref: Clean Air Task Force, catf.us